Hate crimes should not be puni essays

Despise violations ought not be puni articles Step by step instructions to keep up a solid relationship Step by step instructions to Maintain a Strong Relationship I have been involved with a person for just about two years. I realize two years isn't generally that long, yet it has been a genuine learning experience. Each relationship has its high points and low points and its great and terrible occasions. Taking a gander at different connections, I have seen that to keep up a solid relationship you need to perceive if certain attributes have been obtained. Objectives, love, and trust are the way to building a solid relationship. Consistently I think about another objective for myself to achieve. I have my objectives set out for me for what's to come. At the point when you are seeing someone, your accomplice what his/her objectives are is an excellent thing. You have to know with the goal that you dont discover five years after the fact that he is moving to live in the mountains and fish throughout the day, while your objective was to live in the enormous city and work at a law office. Individuals that will benefit some in your life are individuals who possibly share comparable objectives and individuals who have define a few objectives. Love is the notorious word that can mean a million things. As time ticks on seeing someone will begin to acknowledge whether you love him/her. Would you be able to tell if this individual will be all that you ask for from adoration? Ensure that this subject has been talked about. While talking about this point check whether your accomplice adores the discussion or is holding back to flee from it. Trust can destroy your heart. In the event that you are seeing someone needs to be there. In the event that you have any questions about him/her going out with their companions one night then the trust isn't there. Trust is the most significant piece of the relationship close to cherish. In the event that you cannot keep up trust through your relationship, at that point your relationship doesnt need to exist. Set objectives for your rela tionship, find if there is love and ensure you can confide in each other. There are such a large number of key focuses in keeping up a solid relationship. Pick th ... <!

Emotions Paper Essay

Feelings are close to home encounters that are hard wired into each and every person on the planet. However, some way or another individuals appear to have little command over them. In the wake of concentrating all the various types of feelings individuals can feel, I did a multi day stock of the feelings I encountered. In this paper, I will examine how hard or simple it is to distinguish feelings and the techniques I used to recognize my feelings. I will break down the kinds of feelings I felt and whether they were essential or auxiliary. Is it safe to say that they were the run of the mill feelings I experience each day? Do I yield to any enthusiastic deceptions? How uninhibitedly I express my feelings and what I have gained from doing this activity. During the multi day stock, I some of the time made some hard memories recognizing the feeling I was feeling. I regularly needed to allude back to the rundown of various feelings. While I took a gander at the rundown of feelings, I attempted to consider what I was feeling physiologically during that time. I analyzed my activities nonverbally and afterward intellectually I put a name on the feeling. For instance, on the principal day of my stock I got woken up before eight in the first part of the day by dubious clamors originating from my restroom. At the point when I made the way for the restroom, I discovered both of my children snickering and sprinkling in the latrine utilizing a can brush. The principal feeling I understood I felt at the time was irritation that someone woke me up so early. I perceived that because of subjective translation. The second feeling I felt in the wake of making the way for the restroom was outrage at my children for playing in my washroom despite the fact that they know better. I subjectively new it was outrage on the grounds that nonverbally I raised my voice, physiologically my pulse and breathing expanded, and after I rebuffe d them I understood my hands were shaking. Those signs persuaded that I was irritated and furious. Inside three days I encountered eleven distinct feelings. Five of those feelings were essential and six of the feelings were auxiliary. Assurance, one of the auxiliary feelings I encountered was facilitative, in light of the fact that being resolved made me need to invest more energy to complete the errand I was doing. For instance, when I was attempting to do schoolwork with my children I was resolved to complete it, so I propped up until it was finished. Dread and outrage were two feelings I encountered that are debilitative in light of the fact that I made some hard memories controlling my discerning conduct. For instance, I encountered dread on the grounds that a gigantic pooch was free at the recreation center. For brief I just solidified and gazed at it,â not doing anything until my child saw it and began shouting. That got me to begin reconsidering and we left the recreation center. The feeling of dread got debilitative for me in light of the fact that the pooch was free with no proprietor. In the event that the pooch was free yet had someone with him my feeling of dread wouldn’t have been as exceptional. Incredibly the feelings I encountered in the three days were for the most part serious. Out of the eleven feelings I encountered, just three were gentle. For instance, on the very first moment I felt cheerful about taking the children to grandpa’s house, yet I wasn’t so energized that I was bouncing all over. It was a gentle bliss. A case of my serious feeling is the point at which I blew up. On the very first moment at night of the very first moment my children would not listen when advised on various occasions to get their toys. It arrived at the point that I raised my voice at them and my hands began shaking. At that point I needed to call my significant other to media te in light of the fact that I required time to quiet down. The feelings I encountered during the stock were for the most part ordinary. In any case, there were two or three feelings that I don’t experience frequently. One of the feelings I don’t as a rule experience is being depleted. Ordinarily, I don’t feel depleted, particularly toward the evening. In the wake of inspecting why I felt that way I understood it’s in light of the fact that I was beginning to become ill. The following day, I felt another feeling I commonly don’t feel or experience frequently. I was attempting to do schoolwork and I felt hopeless on the grounds that I was feelings of queasiness and I had a fever. Regularly, when I do schoolwork I feel inspired or energized that I am nearly done. That equivalent day at night I felt vulnerable which is likewise strange for me. I felt that way since I had a huge amount of stuff I expected to do and I couldn’t do any of it. My run of the mill feelings during the day are cheerful, bothered, irritated, pleased, cherished, decided, frightened, and energized. Contemplating the subject of feelings and doing this stock caused me to acknowledge I have a few false notions I will in general fall into consistently. The principal deception that concerns me is â€Å"fallacy of approval.† For instance, when I head off to some place with my children or spouse and I need to pick what I am going to wear. I understood that a great deal of the time it takes me as long as an hour to choose in light of the fact that I need individuals to affirm of what I am wearing. The other paradox that concerns me is â€Å"fallacy of causation.† For instance, when my children are playing the commotion they make once in a while bothers me, since I need it to hush up in the house. In this way, I state to them â€Å"you folks are bothering me,† insteadâ of assuming liability and saying â€Å"I am getting aggravated with the uproarious noise.† As I would like to think I don’t express my feelings openly. Nobody has ever revealed to me that I am anything but difficult to peruse or that my feelings appear all over. When in open I just show feelings that are proper. On the off chance that I am angry at the individual or annoyed with somebody I will in general conceal my feeling until I feel great letting them know. Most unreservedly I express my feelings at home, on the grounds that that’s where I feel generally great. The least openly where I express my feelings are out in the open, as a result of the misrepresentation of endorsement. It makes a difference what individuals consider me. Doing this activity has instructed me that there are various types of feelings. Essential feelings are feelings that are hard wired into people, and optional feelings make up essential feelings. I figured out how to break down what feeling I am feeling. I don’t think I have ever done that deliberately previously. It made me truly consider my responses, what’s occurring in my body, and how I am feeling. I took in the valence of feeling. One feeling that you would as a rule might suspect is negative can be both positive and negative. Likewise, I took in the word deception and how it identifies with feelings. Last, I took in the contrast among feeling and mind-set which I before I thought was something very similar.

Introduction of Marijuana Essay Example

Presentation of Marijuana Essay Example Presentation of Marijuana Essay Presentation of Marijuana Essay The utilization of maryjane possesses been a functioning past energy for a huge number of years, nonetheless, it didn't arrive at the United States until around 1912. A rush of Mexican migrants was entering the nation in the push to look for some kind of employment; with them came weed. The utilization of maryjane was an ordinary custom among the Mexican individuals, yet the White Americans in towns flanking Mexico saw the utilization of this specific plant from an alternate perspective. Powered with prejudice and dissatisfaction related with the absence of work for the American individuals, whites announced that the smoking of weed invigorated the Mexicans super-human and changed the individuals who smoked it into brutal killers. With the expansion in gossipy tidbits about carnage and pandemonium achieved by Mexicans on maryjane frenzies, the city chamber of El, Paso, Texas passed a law, the El Paso Ordinance of 1914, forbidding the ownership of cannabis (Grass: The History of Marijuana). Thus, the guideline gave an approach to control cannabis, yet Mexicans too. THE FEDERAL BUREAU OF NARCOTICS AND UNIFROM STATE NARCOTIC LAW Meanwhile, those Americans who didn't live in states flanking Mexico were very new to the utilization of maryjane, and were considerably more worried about the then current war on opium, morphine, cocaine, and heroin enslavement tormenting society. In the mid 1930’s the United States government concluded that these general medical problems of compulsion could be taken care of by the United States Department of Treasury, who thusly settled the Federal Bureau of Narcotics (R. J. Bonnie, 1970). Harry J. Anslinger was appointed as the Commissioner of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics. Anslinger was a liquor prohibitionist who accepted that â€Å"progress must be accomplished by controlling the denied driving forces of the masses†; he accepted that if laws executed in the public arena were sufficiently severe and if enough individuals were rebuffed for participating in restricted acts, general society would direct away from bad behavior. Anslinger accepted this equivalent way of thinking would work in America’s war against dope. Notwithstanding, Anslinger thought that it was difficult to control sedate use in each of the 48 states; he was just one man and during the Depression, it was hard to track down monetary sponsorship for such an accomplishment. Anslinger looked for the answer for his concern among the forty-eight conditions of America; he expected to impact each state to independently control medicate use and dealing among its residents. Anslinger wanted to do this by getting each state to consent to a joint arrangement that would submit a bit of each state’s assets to the medication control, the Uniform State Narcotic Law. In any case, just nine states concurred (New York, New Jersey, Virginia, South Carolina, Louisiana, Florida, and Indiana), different states accepted that the understanding permitted the central government to meddle with state undertakings (Grass, 1999). In the interim, New Orleans was a significant port city that dealt cannabis into the United States by method for West Indian mariners. It was known as muggles, tea, or reefer in the city of New Orleans, and became very mainstream among the jazz swarm in the city because of the declaration that music sounded prominently better after a â€Å"reefer stick†. Performers started to carry cannabis from New Orleans to urban communities more remote north up the Mississippi River, expanding the drug’s fame in bigger urban communities of America. With this developing fame and mindfulness, Anslinger saw focusing on weed as the way to his end; he reasoned that on the off chance that he could persuade white America that weed was a flat out hazard, the alarmed voters would push their state council to consent to his Uniform State Narcotic Law (R. J. Bonnie, 1970). The media was Anslinger’s essential weapon in driving all Americans to accept that weed was the most risky social issue that had ever confronted the nation; the utilization of pot was attached to any semblance of homicide, madness and demise; moms were advised to shield their youngsters from turning out to be captives to the medication and motion pictures were made connecting the smoking of maryjane with prompt craziness, dangerous wrath or ending it all (Grass, 1999). The antagonistic purposeful publicity in the long run got a firm handle on the brains of the American individuals, individually, each state marked the Uniform State Narcotic Law; Anslinger’s technique for misrepresentation and control went agreeing plan. THE MARIJUANA STAMP ACT A terrified America requested that society be ensured by the risk of cannabis, and looked for help inside the intensity of the government. On June 14, 1937, the Marijuana Tax Act was marked into law by President Roosevelt with no â€Å"public banter, logical request, or political objection† (Grass, 1999). The demonstration denied the ownership of any weed except if one additionally had a maryjane charge stamp which was given by the Department of Treasury, in any case, so as to get a stamp demonstration, one needed to present to specialists their measure of pot, which was illicit all by itself. Through this very deceptive type of enactment, the Department of Treasury successfully made cannabis ownership unlawful, and along these lines lead to many captures. LA GUARDIA VERSUS ANSLINGER The order of the Marijuana Stamp Act carried with it incredulity from many white Americans, particularly in the upper east district of the nation. The individuals who restricted the Stamp Act accepted that its usage carried with it the arrival of denial, a part of enactment they would not like to find in presence once more (R. Dietch, 2003). Fiorello La Guardia was the city hall leader of New York during Anslinger’s constant campaign against marijuana’s use and ownership, and he also was against restriction and the criminalization of pot. La Guardia was wary of the cases that were made by the central government according with the impacts the utilization has on the brain, and therefore lead a panel of 31 fair researchers in the examination of the physical and mental impacts weed use has on an individual. The La Guardia Committee Report was directed for a long time (1939 †1944) in which it reasoned that the impacts of weed use didn't concur with the view of the Commissioner of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics; an observation constrained upon and used to terrify the individuals of America. The report expressed that the utilization of cannabis didn't â€Å"lead to fierce or reserved conduct, didn't cause wild sexual inclinations, and didn't change a person’s fundamental character structure† (Grass, 1999). Likewise, dissimilar to the cases made by the national government, the data gave by the La Guardia Committee Report, entitled The Marihuana Problem in the City of New York, was upheld by logical proof and declaration from maryjane clients (R. Deitch, 2003). Because of the risk of his validity, Anslinger had the report defamed and wrecked all duplicates that he had the option to acquire; he marked the creators as â€Å"dangerous men† and alluded to the proof in the report as â€Å"giddy human science and clinical mumbo-jumbo† (M. Corner, 2005). The decided Anslinger didn't permit the situations of science to veer from him from his course; he focused on the savage good impact of on-screen characters and performer in media outlets, â€Å"the teachers conveying its shrewd gospel to the world† (M. Corner, 2005). Anslinger got control over film contracts, however pilot and book contracts too; he oversaw the film business and burned through $220 million in the creation of movies that bolstered his perspectives corresponding to the perilous impacts pot could have on one’s life. Artists were likewise focused on, particularly dark jazz performers; he accepted dark jazz artists were the wellspring of this reefer wickedness, and white pot smokers were simply adulterated by dark impact through their standard music (M. Stall, 2005). RED CHINA AND THE NARCOTIC CONTROL ACT OF 1956 With the methodology of the 1950s, the quantity of heroin addicts was expanding, particularly among youthful teenagers. Wrongdoings of robbery were high among these strung out youngsters who went to illicit acts with an end goal to help their medication propensity. Anslinger and the government saw an open door in this new heroin fever, and considered pot utilize the purpose behind the expansion in heroin addicts; â€Å"if you smoke it, you will end up being a heroin addict† (R. J. Bonnie, 1970). With the new manufactured relationship among pot and heroin, harder laws and more prominent punishments were requested by general society for all medication offenses. Anslinger rushed to play on the developing trepidation of socialism among the American individuals; he started to announce that behind each opiate sedate vendor was a socialist â€Å"ready to topple the government† (Grass, 1999). Anslinger shrewdly connected China as the immediate wellspring of the sedatives that such a significant number of American individuals were getting dependent on; it was accepted by the open that â€Å"Red China† was attempting to invade America through the heroin needle (L. Sloman, 1998). In an exertion not to show up broadly feeble amidst a virus war and during the risk of the Red Menace, and with no physical proof that the Chinese were behind the ascent of sedatives in the United States, Truman marked the Boggs Act of 1951 which actualized required least sentences for all medication offenses. THE DECRIMINALIZATION OF MARIJUANA The death of the Boggs demonstration was trailed by the section of the Narcotic Control Act of 1956, which set pot in a similar class as heroin; the obligatory least sentence for ownership of pot could bring about 2 †10 years in jail (R. J. Bonnie, 1970). A few states set considerably harsher disciplines for the ownership o

The treatment of organ rejection with immunosuppressive medication a discussion - Free Essay Example

Since the pioneering experiments of allograft heart transplantation by Christiaan Barnard in 1967, there have been significant advances in the development of human organ transplantation. Indeed, over 35,000 patients in both the US and Europe benefit annually from organ transplantation (Hampton, 2005). Through the transplantation and engraftment of these organs, not only can biological function of organs be restored, but also the quality of life of recipients can be greatly increased. As a result the number of transplantation operations carried out each year has increase exponentially over the past decades. Despite improvements in surgical techniques, the hurdle of immunological rejection by the host of transplanted organs still remains a current obstacle. This represents a challenge both scientifically and clinically and, as a result, is a focus of both the medical and scientific communities. Over the past 60 years, there has been an exponential increase in the development of immunosuppressive drugs in order to treat organ rejection, as well as autoimmune diseases (Gummert et al. 1999). These drugs seek to suppress various components of the immune system in order to prevent rejection in the context of organ transplantation. This essay seeks to examine the broad immunology of transplantation as well as the different classes of immunosuppressive drugs and their associated benefits and side effects. Transplantation is broadly defined as the act of transferring cells, tissues, or organs from one site to another. In the context of organ transplantation, this is generally from one person to another, with transplantation classed as either from a living donor or cadaveric. Although less common, there has been some attempt to transplant organs from other animals, known as xenografts. This was initially attempted given the lack of availability of human donor organs. However, as transplantation occurs between two immunologically distinct persons, a degree of immunological mismatch occurs. Due to this mismatch, the host immune system recognises the donor organ as foreign and, as a result, activates various arms of the immune system. Several types of immune rejection can occur in individuals undergoing organ transplantation. Hyperacute rejection occurs when pre-existing antibodies within the host against donor antigens attack the graft and result in rapid rejection of the graft, typically within a few hours (Murphy et al. 2010). This results in rapid declining function of the graft and is often non-reversible, thereby causing the recipient to lose the graft. In contrast, acute rejection occurs within six months following transplantation and is the result of activated T cells against donor antigens (Murphy et al. 2010). The third type of rejection is known as chronic rejection and, as the name suggests, occurs years after transplantation and is mediated by both antibodies and T cells. In order to encourage graft survival, and prevent the aforementioned from occurring, effective regimes in order to suppress these immune responses have been developed, although as outlined, they often come with significant side effects. Glucocorticoids, such as prednisone, are commonly used in immunosuppressive regimes. These drugs seek to prevent rejection by suppressing various arms of the immune system including T cells, B cells, macrophages, granulocytes and monocytes (Steiner and Awdishu, 2011). These drugs are, therefore considered t o be relatively non-specific and highly potent leading to a range of side effects. Glucocorticoids exert their effects by regulating the activity and expression of various cytokines through inhibition of intracellular signalling pathways such as NF-kB. Through modulation of this complex signalling pathway, the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-alpha are greatly reduced (Schacke et al. 2002). Although these drugs feature heavily in clinical practice, they are associated with a significant number of side effects. Prolonged glucocorticoid use can lead to Cushings syndrome: a constellation of symptoms characterised by increased central adiposity, buffalo hump, osteoporosis and a round face (Schacke et al. 2002). These symptoms are due to excess exogenous cortisol within the body and therefore have multiple endocrinological effects on various physiological processes. The concentration of such drugs are therefore closely monitored and patients are encoura ged to monitor for symptoms suggestive of Cushings syndrome. As well as glucocorticoids, drugs known as antimetabolites are frequently used in immunosuppressive regimes. These drugs, such as azathioprine and mercaptopurine, amongst others, were originally developed in the 1950s, but remain used to this day. Azathioprine is commonly used for liver and kidney transplantation (Germani et al. 2009), as well as for the treatment of autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis (Whisnant and Pelkey, 1982). Antimetabolites exert their immunosuppressive effects by blocking the synthesis of purine within cells (Murphy et al. 2010). Through the blockage of purine synthesis, DNA replication is unable to take place, thereby preventing expansion of rapidly dividing cells within the immune system. Through the blockade of T and B cell expansion, the level of rejection against organ transplants can be controlled. One considerable side effect associated with the use of azathioprine is the increased risk of skin cancer. A relatively recent review by Ulrich and Stockfleth (2006) has shown that sunlight exposure, pre and post transplantation in patients using azathioprine, correlates with an increased incidence of skin cancer. As exposure to UVA light damages skin cells: these cells are unable to undergo repair following damage, due to inhibition of DNA replication from azathioprine. In the long term, this accumulation of damage results in the increased propensity for patients to develop skin cancer. Current clinical guidelines suggest that clinicians discourage patients in spending prolonged periods of time in the sun following transplantation (Perrett et al. 2008). Along with these classes, of drugs, another category of immunosuppressive medications, known as calcineurin inhibitors, also work efficaciously in organ transplantation. These drugs, which include tacrolimus and cyclosporine, act by inhibiting the protein calcineurin. Calcineurin in activated following the presentation of an antigen by an antigen presenting cell, such as a dendritic cell or macrophage, to a T cell, resulting from an increase in the concentration of intracellular calcium (Reynolds and Al-Daraji, 2002). Following the activation of calcineurin, there is an increase in the production of interleukin 2 (IL-2), which causes the activation of T cells. As a result, this further propagates an immune response. Calcineurin inhibitors are, therefore, useful in dampening an immune response, preventing the activation of T cells against a transplanted organ. Calcineurin inhibitors are popular drugs used in renal transplantation. However, evidence over the past decade has suggested that drugs such as tacrolimus may induce renal failure in some patients (Ponticelli, 2000). Obviously this a key consideration when considering patients who already have poor renal function to being with. As a result, these drugs are often combined with other immunosuppressive agents and tailored to the lowest dosage possible. The understanding into the way in which the immune system functions has been exploited over the past thirty years with the development of monoclonal antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies were first developed in the 1970s through the fusion of rapidly proliferative myeloma cells with B cells to produce hybridomas (Liu, 2014). Antibodies are protein molecules that have a specific antigen-binding region enabling them to have a high degree of specificity. Antibodies have, therefore, been exploited therapeutically in order to target pathogenic molecules within the body. Recently, monoclonal antibodies have been developed to target various components of the immune responses in order to modulate organ rejection seen in patients. In particular, monoclonal antibodies have been developed to target T and B cells. Some examples of these therapeutics are discussed below. Muromonab is a monoclonal antibody, which is specific for cluster of differentiation 3 (CD3), a molecule found primarily on T cells (Murphy et al. 2010). By targeting T cells and preventing their activation against the transplanted organ, there is considerable evidence to show that this can significantly prolong the survival of the organ following transplantation, compared to glucocorticoid steroids (Authors not listed, 1985). However, despite the success of anti-CD3 therapy, there are substantial side effects associated with clinical use. Use of anti-CD3 has been associated with severe fever in patients, as well as the unwanted release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (Norman et al. 2000). As a result the use of anti-CD3 has declined in clinical practice and is reserved for treatment resistant cases of organ rejection. As well as muromonab, another mainstay treatment for organ rejection are antibodies directed against cluster of differentiation number 25 (CD25). Organ rejection is heavily mediated by T cells, in combination with other arms of the immune system (Ingulli, 2010) . When activated, T cells produce large amounts of IL-2, a cytokine that acts in an autocrine fashion to further expand T cells via the IL-2 receptor CD25. Therefore, blockade of CD25 with a monoclonal antibody was hypothesised to offer a novel target in treating immunological rejection by T cells. As a result, daclizumab was developed and was shown by Vincenti et al. in 1998 to be a successful tool in treating renal transplantation compared to using a combination therapy of cyclosporine, azathioprine and corticosteroids. Furthermore, more long term studies have examined the function of renal transplants and concluded that patients on daclizumab showed improved renal function, as established by estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (Ferran et al. 1990). However, like other pharmacological treatments, daclizumab has also been shown to cause a significant number of side effects such as hypertension and insomnia (EPAR for Zenapax). More recently, the scientific community has so ught to develop more refined immunological tools in order to modulate rejection. Through the development of monoclonal antibodies targeting cluster of differentiation 52 (CD52), clinicians are able to target lymphocytes for destruction, sparing the destruction of resident haematopoetic stem cell populations (Flynn and Byrd, 2000). Anti-CD52 drugs were originally developed for multiple sclerosis (Coles et al. 2008) and trials are currently being undertaken to establish their efficacy in organ transplantation. The overarching side effect with immunosuppressive regimes is the relatively blanket level of immunosuppression which they cause. Although immunosuppression is required to maintain organ survival, immunosuppression also results in a reduced ability to fight infections. In particular, pulmonary infections are common in organ transplant patients, with Hoyo et al. (2012) detailing that around 1 in 5 patients in their study developed pulmonary infections. It is clear that clinici ans dealing with organ transplantation patients must remain vigilant for infections. It is similarly clear, therefore, that a fine balance of the level of immunosuppression should be reached: a heavily weighted level will pre-dispose to opportunistic infections, and, conversely, a lightly weighted level will result in organ rejection. With respect to future outlooks in transplantation immunology, the development of pluripotent stem cells has been hypothesised to overcome immunological issues associated with organ transplantation. Through the use of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) developed by Takahashi et al. (2006) it has been shown that it is possible to differentiate nearly all existing cell types. As these cells are derived from the patient, they are immunologically matched to the individual and, as a result, patients would not require harsh immunosuppressive regimes. Although this technology has not been tested clinically in patients extensively yet, it is hoped t hat within the next twenty years this method will provide an unlimited source of organ replacement for patients. Use of such cells is currently being explored for regeneration of certain organs such as the heart (Masumoto, 2014). Use of these cells will require a significant amount of clinical testing to determine their immunological properties, as well as their propensity to develop into tumours. It is likely, therefore, that the clinical applications of stem cells are still many years away. In conclusion, despite significant improvements in targeted immunosuppressive regimes, significant side effects are associated with current pharmacological treatments. Clearly, as patients treated with these agents are often susceptible to opportunistic infections, their progress must be monitored closely by a clinician who is familiar with such patients, and the complications they can present with. Through our increased understanding of the immune system, alongside new technologies such as stem cell replacement therapy, it is hoped that the immunological issues associated with organ transplantation will in the near future be overcome. Bibliography Authors not listed (1985) A randomized clinical trial of OKT3 monoclonal antibody for acute rejection of cadaveric renal transplants. Ortho Multicenter Transplant Study Group. N Engl J Med. 313:337à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"342 Coles, A., Lake, S. and Moran, S. (2008) Alemtuzumab vs. interferon beta-1a in early multiple sclerosis. NEJM. 359: 1786-1801. EPAR for Zenapax. European Medicines Agency. 2007. https://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_-_Summary_for_the_public/human/000198/WC500057570.pdf Gummert, J., Ikonen, T. and Morris, R. (1999) Newer immunosuppressive drugs: a review. J Am Soc Nephrol. 10(6):1366-80. Hoyo, I. Sanclemenete, G., Cervera, C. (2012) Opportunistic pulmonary infections in solid organ transplant recipients. Transplant Proc. ;44(9):2673-5 Ferran, C., Dy, M., Merite, S., Sheehan, K., Schreiber, R., Leboulenger, F. (1990) Reduction of morbidity and cytokine release in anti-CD3 MoAb-treated mice by corticosteroids. Transplantation. 50:642à ƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"648. Flynn, J. and Byrd, J. (2000) Campath1H monoclonal antibody therapy. Current. Opinion in Oncology. 12(6) 574-581. Germani, G., Tschochatiz, E., Adreana, L. and Burroughs, A. (2009) Azathioprine in liver transplantation: a reevaluation of its use and a comparison with mycophenolate mofetil. Am J Transplant. 9(8):1725-3 Hampton, T. (2005) Skin cancers ranks rise: immunosuppression to blame. JAMA. 294: 1476-1480. Ingulli, E. (2010) Mechanism of cellular rejection in transplantation. Pediatr Nephrol. 25(1): 61à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"74. Liu, J. (2014) The history of monoclonal antibody development à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Progress, remaining challenges and future innovations. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 3(4): 113à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"116. Masumoto, H., Ikeda, T., Okano, T., Sakata, R. and Yamashita, J. (2014) Human iPS cell-engineered cardiac tissue sheets with cardiomyocytes and vascular cells for cardiac regeneration. Scientific Reports. 4: 6716/ Murphy KM, P Trave rs, M Walport (Eds.) (2010) Janeways Immunobiology. 8th Edition. New York:Taylor Francis, Inc. Norman, D. J., Vincenti, F., de Mattos, A.M., Barry, J.M., Levitt, D.J., Wedel, N.I. (2000) Phase I trial of HuM291, a humanized anti-CD3 antibody, in patients receiving renal allografts from living donors. Transplantation. 70:1707à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"1712 Perrett, C., Walker, S., Warwick, J., Harwood, C., Karran, P. and McGregor, J. (2008) Azathioprine treatment photosensitizes human skin to ultraviolet A radiation. BJD. 159(1): 198-204. Ponticelli, C. (2000) Calcineurinà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?inhibitors in renal transplantation. Too precious to be abandoned. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 15 (9): 1307-1309. Reynolds, N. and Al-Daraji, W. (2002) Calcineurin inhibitors and sirolimus: mechanisms of action and applications in dermatology. Clin Exp Dermatol. 27(7):555-61. Schacke, H., Docke, W. and Asadullah, K. (2002) Mechanisms involved in the side effects of glucocorticoids. Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 96(1): 22-43. Steiner, R. and Awdishu, L. (2011) Steroids in kidney transplantation. Semin. Immunopathol. 33(2): 157-167. Takahashi, K. and Yamanaka, S. (2006) Induction of Pluripotent Stem Cells from Mouse Embryonic and Adult Fibroblast Cultures by Defined Factors. Cell. 126(4): 663-676. Ulrich, C. and Stockfleth, E. (2007) Azathioprine, UV light, and skin cancer in organ transplant patientsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ do we have an answer? Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 22 (4): 1027-1029 Vincenti F, Kirkman R, Light S, Bumgardner G, Pescovitz M, Halloran P. (1998) Interleukin-2-receptor blockade with daclizumab to prevent acute rejection in renal transplantation. Daclizumab Triple Therapy Study Group. N Engl J Med. 338:161à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"165 Whisnant, J. and Pelkey, J. (1982) Rheumatoid arthritis: treatment with azathioprine (IMURAN (R)). Clinical side-effects and laboratory abnormalities. Ann Rheum Dis. 41(Suppl 1): 44à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"47.

Designing A New Automated Customer Service System

In the modern business scape, the reality for many companies is to design practices in accordance with customer expectations, specifically with regards to the ever-increasing need for digital options. This is the case for many industries, with many pondering on how to go about addressing the issue. Bogers Media is one such company to have taken the liberty of not only addressing but also designing, with the intent to implement, a new automated customer service system based on machine learning. Of course, this is not the first of its kind but, if used correctly, it may be among the first in Bogers’ particular industry. Automated customer service systems have been integrated into various companies’ strategies yielding optimal results. Starbucks saw a measurable profit increase after implementing their Mobile Order and Pay program. It goes without saying the essentiality of observing what others have done in this field, inciting an understanding of the risks and challenges associated with such an endeavor. For this purpose, let us observe the National Library of Medicine (NLM) and their virtual representative, Cosmo. Due to the size of their catalogue, the NLM had integrated Cosmo as an addition to their already present call centre to streamline the process with those who had simpler and/or fewer questions to ask. According to representatives of the NLM, the advantages of this system include â€Å"a simpler navigation tool, an alternative for people who preferShow MoreRelatedThe Development of Operation Management Essay1211 Words   |  5 PagesOperation Management Operations management refers to the management of all activities directly involved in the creation of goods/services through the conversion of inputs into output. It consists of the following process capacity planning, forecasting, inventory management, buying and maintaining material, quality assurance, motivation of employees, scheduling, and making decision on where to allocate facilities. The four functions of management include operations, marketing and finance. FinanceRead MoreAssignment 2: Organizational Structure Essay1633 Words   |  7 Pagesthe results can be used to redesign a customer service job for efficiency. I will develop two strategies that HR professionals can in the selection for a customer service position using a Fleishman Job Analysis System. I will examine the challenges for designing this job for efficiency and suggest two ways to redesign it. Finally, I will propose three ways a HR manager can use the information from a job analysis to measure the performance of customer service representatives. 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This is also why many companies thatRead MoreCase Study of Designing a Self-Service Disaster Recovery Plan1092 Words   |  5 PagesTITLE: Case Study of Designing a Self-Service Disaster Recovery Plan 1.0 Issues regarding disaster recovery plan (DRP) Disaster recovery plan (DRP) is a clearly defined and documented plan of action for use at the time of a crisis. Typically a plan will cover all the key personnel, resources, services and actions required to implement and manage the DR process (comission, 2014). A large US public power provider, with millions of residential and business customers, needed to rethink itsRead MoreA Plan For Physical And Digital Security Protocols1352 Words   |  6 Pagess payment processors offer compliance tools for businesses they serve. It s essential that companies implement PCI standards. Developing a plan for physical and digital security protocols is essential if companies want to avoid fines, penalties, customer lawsuits and even cancellations of their payment processing privileges due to security breaches caused by noncompliance. 8. PCI Compliance Guide The compliance required for B2B companies includes implementing training programs for employees to educate

Analysis Of A Doll s House - 1005 Words

A Doll’s House is an iconic play focusing on the themes of respect and reputation, lies and deceit, men and masculinity, and women and femininity. It emphasizes physical aspects of women, while excluding influence on the men s appearance, giving insight into the time period. It shows how society judged others while presenting information about how reputation influenced relationships and marriage, leaving the audience pondering what would have happened to the Helmer family if Nora had been unattractive. Both men and women were harshly judged, in different ways, and this judgment impacted relationships and how they functioned. From analysis of the play, the audience can gather that the people of the time period were very materialistic. The female roles in the play are objectified, and treated like play things. The husband of the protagonist, Torvald, tells Nora â€Å"Why shouldn t I look at my dearest treasure? ­Ã‚ ­at all the beauty that is mine, all my very own?† (Ibsen, 62). He is possessive of Nora, and claims that her beauty is all his and his only, implying that he owns her. As one of the few male characters of the play, his actions and personality reflect on the mentality of other men during the time period. Torvald’s attitude towards her is contrasted with that of Dr. Rank. Dr. Rank treats her as an equal and adores her presence, not just her appearance, which is made clear when he comments that she should attend the next costume party as a good fairy, but also mentions thatShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of A Doll s House 1180 Words   |  5 PagesThe role of being a husband in both A D oll’s House by Henrik Ibsen and Fences by August Wilson is failed to a certain extent due to the fact that they cannot meet the expectations of their wives. By failing to do so, they both damage their relationships. In Fences, we learn that Troy Maxon’s failure as a husband started when he cheated on his wife, Rose, with another woman, who soon became pregnant with his child. In A Doll’s House, Nora would do anything to save her husband, Torvald, but that thatRead MoreAnalysis Of A Doll s House Essay1373 Words   |  6 PagesElena-Mirabal ENC 1102 TR 9:50-11:05 December 9th 2015 A Doll’s House The story of humanity is one full of intrigues of any kind, from the creation up to modern times. Indeed, every generation has lived through and seen an evolution or transformation of its social and cultural values (Rabi 27). In modern times, it would be difficult, especially in advanced countries to find the entrenched patriarchal societies as found in the A Doll’s House, a family living in the late 19th century. Set in Norway, thisRead MoreAn Analysis Of A Doll s House 1322 Words   |  6 PagesTITLE: The Theme of Gender Inequality in A Doll’s House INTRO: It is well-known that throughout history women and men have not always been treated as equals; it was not until the early twentieth century that women could vote in most countries. In the Victorian era, when A Doll’s House took place, women held a less than equitable sociopolitical and domestic standing. Socially, marriage and motherhood where no longer just emotional fulfillment for a woman; they had now become a responsibility and aRead MoreAnalysis Of A Doll s House 870 Words   |  4 PagesEssay Three: A doll’s house The story centrally focus on what goes on in a marriage between Torvald Helmer, the husband and his wife Nora, in the Victorian Era Torvald. Helmer is a hard working husband, a lawyer, who treats his wife more like a child than a woman. His always calling her silly names like â€Å"little squirrel† and â€Å"little lark twittering†, but she seems to not mind it at all. Nora is a happy wife, or at least that’s what it seems like until her little secret is revealed. There’s a quoteRead MoreAnalysis Of A Doll s House Essay2459 Words   |  10 Pagesmotives to destroy his wife, Elizabeth. Abigail’s desire to acquire John is shown in her manipulation of the court and this leads to many unfair deaths by hanging and various names left tarnished all because of Abigail’s lust for one man. In ‘A doll’s house’ female deceit is presented within the character of Nora her deceit radiates throughout the play and is recognised from the very beginning as she and her husband, Torvald, are quarrelling about who eat a portion of macaroons. The fact the audienceRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie A Doll s House 877 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"A Doll’s House† is a British movie filmed in 1973. Nora has spent her enter life living under the rules of her late father and authoritarian husband, Torvald. Years earlier Nora committed forgery by signing her father’s name in order to borrow money from a man named Krogstad. Nora’s husband was dying and she needed the money to take a trip to Italy to save him. Now she is being blackmailed and lives in fear of her husband discovering what she has done. 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In the film adaptation, Garland shows a shift in gender roles in the nineteenth century that are embedded within the visual text for the audience to see. Garland is showing that in the late 19th century, women ofRead MoreAnalysis Of Nora Helmer s A Doll s House 841 Words   |  4 Page sBrennan1 John.Brennan Lisa Wall English Composition II 29 March 2015 Knowing about Nora Helmer From the beginning of A Doll’s House play, Nora Helmer appears to a obedient wife. She doesn t seem to mind when her husband, Torvald, calls her his little squirrel, his little lark, and a featherhead, (1.5-1.16).And more than that, she seems to enjoy and even play into it. She shows also a generous behavior, by giving a good tip to the porter and buying a lot of Christmas presents. TheRead MoreFeminist Analysis : A Doll s House1001 Words   |  5 Pagesearly 1960’s. For a while Western culture assumed that women were inferior creatures. With a widespread acknowledgment of the female being inferior, women began to accept their lesser status. Female critics â€Å"look at the depiction of women in male texts in an effort to reveal the misogyny (negative attitudes towards women) lurking there† (Dobie 106). This means critics look at mistreated women in texts. Such as blanks, unfinished sentences, and even silences. Henrick Ibsen’s, A Doll’s House, ca ptures

Elasticity Economics Theory and Applications

Question: Discuss about the Elasticity Economics for Theory and Applications. Answer: Introduction: The place where transaction of goods, commodities and services takes place has been termed as market in economics. In other words, it is the place where interaction and trade between the two major groups namely the buyer and seller takes place. Market is the basic and very important concept in economics. It is the place where equilibrium is restored between the demand and the supply of goods and commodities. According to Pigou (2013) if the market is allowed to operate under free hand, any economy is able to reach its equilibrium stage and retain the position. Price of any commodity is decided here with the help of price mechanism (Mankiw 2014). Assuming that the market is operating under free hand and laissez faire the way in which equilibrium is maintained through price mechanism has been shown in the diagram below: In the given figure, DD and SS are the demand and supply curves respectively intersecting at point E and giving the economy the equilibrium output Qo and price Po. Let it be assumed that due to some reason the price has escalated to P1. When the economy is allowed to work under free hand, the quantity demanded is going to be Q1 whereas the quantity supplied Q2. In other words there is going to be an excess supply of (Q2-Q1) within the economy and hence the sellers will be forced to reduce the price to get their products sold. Similar incidence happens if price is below Po where due to excess demand the sellers get the power to increase the price. In any of this scenario the price mechanism works and equilibrium is restored at price Po. The given two cases talks about the ways in which peoples choices are determined while they decide to purchase and goods. People always have non-satiated wants but are restricted by the availability of resources and hence needs to make choices guided by certain criterion (Bernanke, Antonovics and Frank 2015). Those assumptions are: Consumers are rationale Consumer are non-satiated There is availability of other goods either substitute or compliment People have perfect information Existence of laissez faire and ceteris paribus Assuming the existence of these basic assumptions, the two cases has been discussed below. Beef and Lamb are two kinds of meat serving the same purpose and can be considered as substitute commodity. Hence, when price of beef rises from Po to P1, the quantity of beef demanded falls and the quantity of lamb demanded increases from Qo to Q1. That is the demand curve of the substitute good lamb is going to be upward sloping when constructed against the price of beef. A meal at a restaurant is not a necessity good but it does falls under normal goods. Hence, with the fall in price of food item there is going to be a increase in demand for restaurant meal as shown in the above figure. On other hand with the increase in income of people (from Yo to Y1), there is an increase in the number of visit in restaurant (from Qo to Q1). In other words, there is a positive relation between the income earned and demand for restaurant meals. The table below has been constructed to show the total revenue generated at each step and the change in the elasticity for demand in the economy for that particular good. The total revenue has been calculated as the product of the total quantity sold and the price charged per unit of the good at that stage (Saada 2013). On other hand, the elasticity of demand which highlights the responsiveness of the goods with respect to the variation in the price has been calculated by the following formula (Sowell 2014): Price Quantity demanded Elasticity Total revenue $10 10,000 -3 100,000 $9 13,000 -2.76 117,000 $8 17,000 -2.35 136,000 $7 22,000 -0.95 154,000 $6 25,000 150,000 Table 1: Relation between TR Elasticity Source: Created by the Author The elasticity is interpreted by taking the absolute value of that column. Hence, at price $10 the good is highly elastic in nature and as the price declined the elasticity of the goods declined too. Another thing that can be observed is that with the decrease in price of the good the revenue generated increased. Hence it can be stated from the table that theres an inverse relation between the TR and the elasticity of the good. As TR increases with decrease in the price of goods, the elasticity of the good gets reduced. Martha, an experienced pastry Chef went for one year leave and had to forgo $60,000 salary. She earned net revenue of $ 80,000 from publication of books and magazines. The profit she earned has been analyzed from two different views as follows: Rent $6000 Cost of computer $4000 Forgone Interest $400 Stationary $2000 Total $124,00 Table 2: Direct Cost incurred by Martha Source: Created by the Author Accountants View Economists View Revenue $80,000 Revenue $80,000 Direct Cost $12,400 Costs (Opportunity + Direct) $ 72400 Profit $ 676,00 Profit $ 7,600 Table 3: Profit of Martha Source: Created by the Author References: Bernanke, B., Antonovics, K. and Frank, R., 2015.Principles of macroeconomics. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Mankiw, N.G., 2014.Principles of macroeconomics. Cengage Learning. Pigou, A.C., 2013.The economics of welfare. Palgrave Macmillan. Saada, A.S., 2013.Elasticity: theory and applications(Vol. 16). Elsevier. Sowell, T., 2014.Basic economics. Basic Books.

Student

Admittedly, many high school student-athletes strive to enter a college or a university to pursue their athletic career (Sanders et al. 23). Many of these students dream of a professional career. Some see their athletic achievements as the way to obtain higher education. However, it is important to note that often college years fall short of student-athletes’ expectations.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Student-Athletes and Socialization specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More One of the greatest issues concerning student-athletes’ education is that this group of students is often isolated. Another problem concerning student-athletes is that they as well as educators often pay little attention to these students’ academic performance. Thus, student-athletes turn out to be unprepared to become successful members of society as they lack the necessary knowledge and skills while their past athletic achi evements are not taken into account any more. Fortunately, educators have acknowledged the major issues in this sphere and many steps have been made to solve the problem. Thus, many schools implement policies aimed at involvement of student-athletes into the mainstream of students. Apart from this, specific educational programs and approaches are being designed to improve student-athletes’ academic performance (Schellhase 18). Therefore, student-athletes can be sure that even if they do not pursue athletic career, they will be prepared to find their place in the contemporary world. Some people believe that athletes can succeed in their sport careers only. Likewise, student-athletes are still often regarded as those who should defend the school’s honor and who are not required to achieve some academic goals. There is still a kind of classification of students where successful students and successful athletes are in different camps. Nonetheless, this classification leads to unfavorable outcomes especially when it comes to student-athletes. In the first place, student-athletes are often alienated from the rest of the students.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Many student-athletes focus on their athletic performance and often try to succeed in their athletic career at the expense of their academic performance. These students set limits and this becomes quite a difficult problem to solve in their after college life. Some may argue that student-athletes should only blame themselves as they fail to study properly. However, the problem is much deeper than that. It is necessary to admit that student-athletes often lag behind their fellow students. Nevertheless, it is not about their being too lazy or narrow-minded. Athlete students often have to endure a lot of tension on the part of their coaches. These young people also face such challenges as â€Å"time constraints† and â€Å"career choices†, â€Å"physical and emotional fatigue†, â€Å"institutional policies, discrimination; marginalization† (Simiyu 16). Reportedly, graduation rates â€Å"are on increase† nowadays (Simiyu 16). However, the data also show that student-athletes’ performance largely depends on such factors as race, gender and sport (Simiyu 16). Admittedly, these factors should also be taken into account when developing teaching strategies and educational programs. Apart from this, student-athletes are expected to achieve certain goals and they simply have no time to attend classes or focus on their academic performance. Besides, many young people are concerned with their present and they do not think of certain future perspectives. Therefore, educators are responsible for this vulnerable group of students. Educators should make student-athletes understand that their athletic career is only a part of their life and that they n eed to acquire certain knowledge and skills to fit their future career goals. Luckily, now educators pay more attention to student-athletes’ constraints. In fact, there have been much done in this sphere so far. In the first place, educators started paying attention to challenges such students have to face (Simiyu 18). This is a great step forward as now educators can shape educational programs to address needs of student-athletes.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Student-Athletes and Socialization specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For instance, many scholars suggest particular programs that can help student-athletes to improve their academic performance (Schellhase 19). For instance, Schellhase analyzes Kolb’s Experiential Learning Theory and tries to adjust it to student-athletes’ needs (19). By demonstrating potentialities of this approach, Schellhase contributes greatly into the developmen t of specific programs for student-athletes. Such attempts confirm that educators have, finally, started paying more attention to student-athletes’ needs. It goes without saying that special training programs and teaching approaches alone cannot solve the problem as a lot depends on the students’ commitment. When it comes to student-athletes, there can be no lack in commitment as these people have developed strong volition during their athletic career. Admittedly, those, who have already achieved considerable results in sport, will have courage to address certain academic challenges. Nonetheless, some students may fail to understand the importance of academic effort. Therefore, educators should be able to explain this matter to student-athletes. Student-athletes should be encouraged to obtain as much knowledge as possible to better fit the rapidly changing world. In fact, it can be effective to include special course into the curriculum for student-athletes. This cours e should focus on these students’ career goals. It is essential to show the ways student-athletes can choose. These young people should be told about successful athletes and alumni of different schools. Thus, student-athletes will be aware of successful stories. Apart from successful stories, students should understand threats and challenges they are likely to face during their college years and their after college life. These challenges include fatigue, drug abuse, isolation, possible failures, etc. Admittedly, when one knows what exactly can happen, he/she is ready to react accordingly. Therefore, student-athletes should learn more about various situations. Student-athletes should participate in various discussions on such topics. These discussions will help student-athletes to work out their own successful behavioral patterns.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Furthermore, student-athletes should also critically assess their athletic and academic performance (Schellhase 19). They should be able to prioritize their activities when the time comes. Student-athletes should understand that their college life presupposes acquisition of certain skills. Therefore, student-athletes should always remember about the major academic goals. Admittedly, educators should help these students to remain focused. On balance, it is possible to state that now educators understand that student-athletes require special attention. More so, educators do pay much attention to this group of students. For instance, scholars work out various educational programs and teaching techniques to address student-athletes’ needs. However, this is not enough as these students should also be encouraged to focus on their academic performance. They should be ready to face certain challenges in their college years or in their after college life. This will enable young people to better fit the society. It is necessary to note that academic success depends on the student’s commitment. Luckily, all student-athletes are committed to achieve the highest results in sport and are ready to overcome difficulties. Therefore, educators only need to encourage all of these students to be also committed while pursuing their academic goals. Works Cited Sanders, Victoria L., Henry A. Gardner and Jeffery Jones. â€Å"Recruitment, Admission, and Retention of First-Year Student-Athletes.† College Student-Athletes: Challenges, Opportunities, and Policy Implications. Ed. Daniel B. Kissinger and Michael T. Miller. Charlotte, NC: IAP, 2009. 23-36. Print. Schellhase, Kristen C. â€Å"Kolb’s Experiential Learning Theory in Athletic Training Education: A Literature Review.† Athletic Training Educational Journal 2 (2006): 18-27. Print. Simiyu, Njororai Wycliffe W. â€Å"Individual and Institutional Challenges Facing Student Athletes on U.S. College C ampuses.† Journal of Physical Education and Sports Management 1.2 (2010): 16-24. Print. This essay on Student-Athletes and Socialization was written and submitted by user Kimber A. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

January Writing Prompts for Student Journals

January Writing Prompts for Student Journals Students return from the winter break during the first week of January. With the new year comes resolutions and a desire to do better. January is a great time to start students on daily writing assignments. These can be in the form of warmups or journal entries. The ideas provide writing prompts for each day of the month. Daily Writing Prompts Having a writing prompt handy for each day of the month can ease teacher planning. The numeral before each prompt represents the date in January. New Years resolutions: Many people begin the new year with a list of resolutions. Write about three of your New Years resolutions and explain what steps you need to take to make them come true.Goal setting: Goal setting is an important part of creating an ideal future for yourself. Come up with a one-year goal, a three-year goal and a 10-year goal for yourself. Then write about three steps that you will take to accomplish each of these goals.J.R.R. Tolkiens birthday: Discuss your feelings on fantasy and science fiction. Do you enjoy these types of books? Explain why or why not.Isaac Newtons birthday: Explain what Newton meant by the following quote: If I have seen further than others, it is by standing upon the shoulders of giants.National Bird Day: When the United States was founded, Benjamin Franklin argued that the national bird should be the turkey. Instead, the bald eagle was selected. Was this a good choice or should the Founding Fathers have gone with the turkey instead? Give reasons for your answer. Sherlock Holmes birthday: Today is the birthday of fictional detective Sherlock Holmes. Do you like mysteries? If so, tell about your favorite mystery book, television series, or movie. If not, explain why you dont like them. Alternatively, write about Little Christmas or the Epiphany. Many cultures celebrate a second Christmas on this date. What celebrations would you like to see twice a year?Winter break: Describe the best thing that happened to you over winter break.Elvis Presleys birthday: What is your favorite type of music? Your least favorite? Explain your reasons for each.Seasons: What is your favorite season? Why?United Nations Day: What is your opinion about Americas participation in the U.N.? Or, what  is your opinion on the effectiveness of the U.N. in negotiating world peace?Death of Francis Scott Key: On this day in 1843, Francis Scott Key died. He penned the lyrics of the Star-Spangled Banner. What is your opinion about the use of this song as a political protest (su ch as NFL Players kneeling)? Do you put your hand over your heart and stand in respect when the national anthem is played? Should athletes be required to do so? National Pharmacist Day: Meat producers around the nation typically put low levels of antibiotics in the animals food to help promote growth. However, some people are concerned that this leads to antibiotic-resistant bacteria in humans. The meat industry argues that if it were unable to include antibiotics, the cost of meat would dramatically increase. Do you think that the meat industry should be forced to stop using these antibiotics? Defend your answer.Make Your Dreams Come True Day: What is a dream that you have for your future? Describe this dream and explain the steps you can take right away to help make it come true.Benedict Arnolds birthday: React to the following statement: One mans traitor is another mans hero.Super Bowl hype: Do you watch the Super Bowl for the game, the ads or both? Explain your answer.Passage of the 18th Amendment: This amendment  to the U.S. Constitution prohibited â€Å"the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors† but not the consumption, private possession, or production for one’s own consumption. Currently, a large number of states and the District of Columbia have laws broadly legalizing marijuana in some form, but marijuana is still against federal law. Should states have the right  to allow  marijuana be regulated like alcohol? Benjamin Franklins birthday: What was Franklins most important contribution to America?Winnie-the-Pooh Day: Which character from Winnie-the-Pooh do you think is most like you? Explain your answer.Popcorn Day: What is your favorite movie? Or, who is your favorite film director? Why?Presidential Inauguration Day: What qualities does it take to be an effective president of the United States? Or, what makes a president of the United States ineffective? What evidence do you have to support your answer?Martin Luther Kings birthday: King stated in his famous I Have a Dream speech: I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. What is your opinion on how close America has come to fulfilling  Kings dream? What evidence do you have to support your opinion?National Hobby Month: What is your favorite hobby? What makes it your favorite?National Blood Donors Month: Should b lood donors be paid to donate blood? Explain your answer. California Gold Rush: If you had lived in the 1840s when gold was discovered in California, do you think that you would have traveled West to take part? Why or why not?National Opposite Day: What would you do differently if you were the teacher in this class? Or, what is the opposite reaction that you have from your family on a topic (politics, music, technology)? Why do you react differently?Australia Day: Have you ever traveled out of the country? If so, describe the similarities and differences between the country you visited and America. If not, explain which countries youd like to visit and why.Lewis Carrolls birthday: Which character from Alice in Wonderland would you most want to meet? Which would you least like to meet? Why?Jackson Pollocks birthday: What is your opinion of modern art? Do you like it or hate it? Why?Thomas Paines birthday: Do you agree with the following statement by Thomas Paine: Government, even in its best state, is but a necessary evil; in its worst state , an intolerable one. Explain your answer. Franklin Roosevelts birthday: Franklin Roosevelt was elected to four terms as president. After this, the 22nd Amendment was passed limiting the president to two terms or 10 years. Do you think that there should be term limits for presidents? What about for senators and representatives? Explain your answer.Jackie Robinsons birthday: Robinson was the first African-American to play baseball in the Major Leagues. Many praised him for his courage. How do you define courage? Give examples of people who you think are courageous.

World History Soldier's Journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

World History Soldier's Journal - Essay Example However gradually I realized that it is my duty, my responsibility and I should not be emotional about it. With the passing time, I started perceiving my job as a symbol of manhood and started feeling proud about being a soldier. The advancement of nationalism in the 19th century had many severe outcomes. Rivalry for trade and colonies started to increase. Europe’s immense powers were rapidly segmented into two alliances, the Triple Entente and the Triple Alliance. Predicaments in the Balkans within 1908 to 1913 made several European countries annoyed with one another. They were enthusiastic to go to combat to safeguard the supremacy of their national regions. Not all racial sections turned out to be nations. However the development of nationalism made the Poles, the Slavic and the Irish people’s demand of forming their individual national states. The National demands were not the sole reason behind the developing internal divergences during the initial years starting from 1900. During those times the socialist labor movements became further authoritative. These progresses were more and more intending to make use of strikes to achieve their objectives, even though this procedure paved the way f or hostility. A few of the conventional leaders were scared of the fact that their countries were on the edge of mutiny. Some history scholars claim that the terror of upheaval and the willingness to restrain internal disputes influenced the authoritative figures of some countries to take part in the war of 1914. Subsequent to 1900, the magnitude of armies all around Europe started to growth at a shocking rate. Conscription, a military draft, was utilized by the majority of the Western countries prior to 1914. It brought about the size of the European armed forces to an amount that is double the earlier number of armies between the time period 1890 and 1914. Militarism (arrangement for war) was developing. Military guides got to be

Developing & Managing the Enterprise Case Study

Developing & Managing the Enterprise - Case Study Example in order to run the business, Steve would need to increase his technical skills with a computer, while for raising the finance for the business he has the option for selling off his current business and taking on a small business loan for financing establishment expenses and operations of the business in the lunch phase. Entrepreneur is a person who takes risk to exploit opportunities and generate high revenues from such ventures through the creative use of innovation. "Entrepreneurship is the dynamic process of creating incremental wealth. The wealth is created by individuals who assume the major risks in terms of equity, time and/or career commitment or provide value for some product or service" ('Definition of Entrepreneurship Today') Small business are usually established by people to generate a steady income and support themselves and their families, however an entrepreneurial business is one in which the entrepreneur takes risk to exploit the opportunities in the market and use innovation in a creative manner to make his business succeed. The type of business which is going to be run by Steve is going to be an entrepreneurial business as he would be providing e-books as well as hardcopy books both new and used as well as a trading facility through the online internet medium to the customers in the market. Venture Ideas/ Opportunities Through the analysis of the industry where is Steve was previously operating in, it has been observed that he has the following options pertaining to starting a new business venture. 1. Shut down the retail bookselling business and launch and online retail option for new and used books. 2. Start a business in another field 3. Sell his business to the large retailers and competitors in the market and invest the money in buying shares of the other successful companies Of the above mentioned business options available to Steve, the first option pertaining to the commencement of an online bookstore business by Steve is the most profitable in the long term as it if strategy invested in, the business can compete with the large scale book retailers in the market while over coming the barriers of entry presented by the likes of Angus & Robertson and Dymocks. Another reason as to why this option has been chosen is because of the experience that Steve has in the book retail market and the contacts that he has established over the period which can facilitate his establishment and operation of the online book retail business. Competitive Strategy The different types of competitive strategies that are normally used by entrepreneurs pertain to being a defender, prospector, analyzer and reactor. The defender strives to maintain a prominent position in the market with centralized and traditionally hierarchical organization. The prospector on the other hand brings new products and services in to the market and focuses on being innovative. The analyzer copies successful innovations and builds on them to create a position while a reactor tends to have strategies which are well defined but obsolete. (Allen, 1999). The strategy which is going to be used by Steve for his new business would be analyzer strategy whereby he would be building on present innovations

Attitudinal Behaviour Essay Example for Free

Attitudinal Behaviour Essay Purpose – In order to classify individuals based on their needs, this paper aims to consider both self-stated attitudes and behaviours in a comprehensive range of daily ï ¬ nancial affairs. Furthermore, it aims to study the impacts of socio-demographic variables such as gender, age, and education. Design/methodology/approach – A questionnaire was answered by 1,282 respondents in the German-speaking part of Switzerland. Factor analysis revealed ï ¬ ve components. Based on these components a two-step cluster analysis (Ward and K-means analyses) identiï ¬ ed distinct subgroups. Linear regressions were used to investigate the impacts of socio-demographic variables. Findings – Factor analysis revealed ï ¬ ve underlying dimensions of ï ¬ nancial attitudes and behaviour: anxiety, interests in ï ¬ nancial issues, decision styles, need for precautionary savings, and spending tendency. Cluster analysis segmented the respondents into ï ¬ ve subgroups based on these dimensions with an ascending order of speciï ¬ c needs for ï ¬ nancial products. Gender, age, and education were found to have signiï ¬ cant impacts. Research limitations/implications – Real consumption behaviour cannot be observed through the survey, which limits the external validity of the study. Practical implications – The segmentation identiï ¬ es different levels of ï ¬ nancial competence and needs for ï ¬ nancial products. It allows ï ¬ nancial service providers to offer more effective advice and to meet customers on their own level to improve personal ï ¬ nancial management. Originality/value – Attitudes and behaviours in daily ï ¬ nancial affairs are examined to reveal individuals’ ï ¬ nancial competence and consequential product needs. A heterogeneous sample covers a variety of demographic groups. Keywords Personal ï ¬ nance, Savings, Questionnaires, Factor analysis, Cluster analysis, Switzerland Paper type Research paper Introduction Everyone has to manage his or her personal ï ¬ nance in one way or another. Some tend to save a lot, some like to collect information before each purchase, some like to follow their gut feelings. Private investors are not a homogeneous group but rather The authors would like to acknowledge the support of the University Research Priority Program â€Å"Finance and Financial Markets† of the University of Zurich and the National Centre of Competence in Research â€Å"Financial Valuation and Risk Management† (NCCR FINRISK), Project 3, â€Å"Evolution and Foundations of Financial Markets†. In addition, they would like to thank the Swiss ï ¬ nancial company that provided them with client data and the anonymous referee for the helpful comments. International Journal of Bank Marketing Vol. 27 No. 2, 2009 pp. 108-128 q Emerald Group Publishing Limited 0265-2323 DOI 10.1108/02652320910935607 individuals with various ï ¬ nancial practices combined with different levels of experience, anxiety and interest in ï ¬ nancial matters (Gunnarsson and Wahlund, 1997). In an increasingly competitive marketplace, ï ¬ nancial institutions need to emphasise customer relationships and the retention of existing customers that require an in-depth understanding of their attitudes and behaviours (Harrison and Ansell, 2002). The heterogeneous market is divided into smaller more homogeneous groups to meet speciï ¬ c needs with a corresponding business model (Jenkins and McDonald, 1997). Market segmentation relies, in the ï ¬ nancial industry, largely on socio-demographic information to deï ¬ ne segments for speciï ¬ c services (Harrison, 2000). It is questionable  ¨ as to how appropriate they are (Jorg, 2005), therefore in this study, selected aspects of ï ¬ nancial affairs such as routines and attitudes are gathered to gain insights towards signiï ¬ cant behavioural patt erns. The objective in this research is to examine the extent to which a broad range of private investors can be classiï ¬ ed into a small number of clusters in order to learn about group-speciï ¬ c needs in ï ¬ nancial affairs. More than 1,200 participants in Switzerland have answered our questionnaire with a response rate of 79 per cent. Unlike some other studies in this ï ¬ eld (e.g. Lim and Teo, 1997; Wood and Zaichkowsky, 2004), this survey is not limited to students, but includes a broader range of the public. Instead of focusing solely on savings behaviour (EBRI, 2002; MacFarland et al., 2003), the present study embraces a wider scope of daily ï ¬ nancial concerns. Thereby factor analysis exposes ï ¬ ve underlying dimensions: anxiety, interests in ï ¬ nancial issues, decision styles, need for precautionary savings, and spending tendency. We demonstrate that our respondents can, based on these dimensions, be classiï ¬ ed into ï ¬ ve distinct groups by cluster analysis where from cluster I to V, the need for action for a better handling of ï ¬ nancial matters increases: for example, the â€Å"Gut-feeling followers† show a intuitive way of decision taking, disinterest in ï ¬ nancial subjects and a lack of awareness for the need of provision which make it difï ¬ cult to argue for or to initiate remedial action. Each cluster raises key issues in meeting their needs and allows for guidance to design and adapt instruments to assist in speciï ¬ c ï ¬ nancial requirements. To illustrate how ï ¬ nancial behaviour can be modiï ¬ ed to improve personal ï ¬ nance speciï ¬ cally for each group, examples from the area of retirement savings, an important part of daily ï ¬ nancial management, are chosen (Clark-Murphy and Soutar, 2005). Linear regression further reveals that the clusters highlight socio-demographic characteristics and help generate a better understanding, although one socio-demographic factor alone does not offer enough information to detect cluster membership. The main theoretical contribution of this paper is that we segment the investors based on the revealed dimensions in attitudes (e.g., level of anxiety), together with the self-stated ï ¬ nance-related behavioural pattern (e.g., spending tendency). In this way we could identify the speciï ¬ c needs and provide different services to each subgroup. Theoretical background and literature review Individuals show considerable deviation from the expectation of rational behaviour implied by ï ¬ nancial models (Barberis, 2003). Being conscious of the empirical limitations of the homo economicus model for exploring the behaviour of private individuals, behavioural ï ¬ nance broadens the view by combining knowledge from psychology and economics ( Camerer and Loewenstein, 2004). Our study belongs to this area. However, instead of focusing on particular anomalies and biases that individuals succumb to, such as overconï ¬ dence and procrastination (Biais et al., 2005; O’Donoghue and Rabin, 1998), we broaden the scope under review by studying general patterns when dealing with ï ¬ nancial issues. Market segmentation In the ï ¬ nancial services industry, market segmentation is a common method to understand better and serve the diverse customer base with its wide-ranging needs and various behaviours (Speed and Smith, 1992). Competitive pressures from deregulation of the ï ¬ nancial services market increase the requirement for market orientation and a more intimate knowledge of the market and its segments (Gunnarsson and Wahlund, 1997). Previous research has shown that there are various beneï ¬ ts from taking a segmented approach to the marketplace: a better serving of customer requirements; a tailoring of offerings; and higher customer satisfaction (Harrison and Ansell, 2002). It can increase customer retention and create loyalty and long-term relationships that positively affect performance (Martenson, 2008). Market segmentation aims to recognise patterns of ï ¬ nancial behaviour, identiï ¬ ed by studied segment predictors to group individuals into segments according to their product needs (Harrison, 2000). Yet, marketing in the ï ¬ nancial services industry today is still predominantly based on socio-demographic features like gender and age which are easy to identify and easy to apply in the composition of groups (Machauer and Morgner, 2001). A prediction of needs from socio-demographic characteristics cannot be assumed; therefore these widely used a priori segmentations are under review (Speed and Smith, 1992). In contrast, post hoc methods entail the grouping of respondents according to their responses to particular variables, focusing on customer motivations (i.e. needs/behaviour) that are more likely to result in a service based on individual n eed (Durkin, 2005). In research, behavioural segmentation is increasingly found (Elliott and Glynn, 1998; Soper, 2002), although researchers continue to concentrate on the ï ¬ nancial behaviour of speciï ¬ c groups and selective variables  ¨ (Warneryd, 2001). This study focuses on the general population, giving a more holistic view of personal ï ¬ nancial management activities and taking attitudes and behaviour into account. Individual investors The literature on individual economic behaviour often focuses narrowly on speciï ¬ c  ¨ areas such as risk attitudes (Warneryd, 1999; Wood and Zaichkowsky, 2004) or saving (Normann and Langer, 2002; Thaler and Benartzi, 2004). Other ï ¬ elds of research target investment in securities (Barber and Odean, 2001; Brennan, 1995; Keller and Siegrist, 2006) or focus on speciï ¬ c segments such as occupational groups (e.g., dentists and  ¨ managers (Jorg, 2005)). Speciï ¬ c ï ¬ nancial issues or situations, however, are not indicative of an individual’s behavioural and attitudinal disposition toward ï ¬ nance. Rather an interest in ï ¬ nances or having certain habits related to managing one’s ï ¬ nancial means may indeed be a moderating factor to learn about behaviours and needs (Loix et al., 2005). The attitudes and behaviours toward ï ¬ nances regarded in this study focus on individual ï ¬ nancial management behaviour. It is a topic with important implications that has not been sufï ¬ ciently examined in ï ¬ nancial and economic behavioural studies (Loix et al., 2005). The subject is not covered by the extensive research on individual’s attitudes and habits towards money, as such studies focus on the meaning of money (Lim and Teo, 1997) or basic values concerning money in general as an abstract concept (Raich, 2008), and not on an individuals’ ways of dealing with his or her personal ï ¬ nance. Previous studies of private investors have used mainly behaviour-based criteria or attitudes and do not combine both aspects (Keller and Siegrist, 2006) that are the focus of this study. This study is not product-linked but wider ranging in that it examines the self-stated ï ¬ nancial attitudes and behaviour of individual investors. Attitudes and behaviours A frequently discussed question in research is to what extent attitudes predict behaviour. A direct relationship between attitudes and behaviour has often been found to be weak, but difï ¬ culties in ï ¬ nding a strong relationship might derive from  ¨ differences in deï ¬ nition and measurement (Warneryd, 1999). The more speciï ¬ c the attitude is the better are the chances of ï ¬ nding a substantial correlation with behaviour if behaviour is also deï ¬ ned as a speciï ¬ c act (Ajzen and Fishbein, 1980). Therefore, deï ¬ ned questions or attitudes can have predictive power and a higher correlation of attitude to-wards behaviour has been conï ¬ rmed in studies (in a comprehensive  ´ meta-analysis: Glasman and AlbarracÄ ±n, 2006; Tesser and Shaffer, 1990). A further question is the beneï ¬ t of knowledge concerning behaviour. Whilst behaviour changes over time, there is a popular assertion that â€Å"past behaviour is the best predictor of future behaviour† (Ajzen, 1991, p. 202). It is a reï ¬â€šection of these ideas that leads to attitudes and behaviour being explored in this paper. Financial needs segmentation Several typologies concerning the ï ¬ nancial affairs of private investors can be found in the previous literature, but with more speciï ¬ c approaches: se gmentations are based on ï ¬ nancial maturity and knowledge (Harrison, 1994), provision for retirement (Gough and Sozou, 2005) or savings strategies (Gunnarsson and Wahlund, 1997). Loix et al. (2005) come closest to the focus of this study with the question of orientation towards ï ¬ nances but their goal is to develop a measurement scale for individual’s ï ¬ nancial management. In this study, we examine the self-stated ï ¬ nancial attitudes and behaviour through a broader basis and do not restrict ourselves only to questions concerning risk or saving. We apply the methodology of cluster analysis to identify groups of private investors in order to obtain insight into the enforcing or modifying of speciï ¬ c behaviour. Cluster analysis has become a common tool in marketing and is a well-adopted method for market segmentation as well as the applied factor analysis apparent in this paper (Punj and Stewart, 1983). The aim of the present study is to obtain a better understanding of people’s needs in ï ¬ nancial matters to provide adequate services and products. This study, based on ï ¬ nancial service consumers, identiï ¬ es distinct motivational clusters that were independent of the more established socio-demographic segmentation variables used in targeting and communicating by ï ¬ nancial institutions. This study demonstrates that, by segmenting respondents on the basis of a broader range of ï ¬ nancial attitudes and behaviour, a yield of clearly interpretable proï ¬ les can be realised and is helpful to identify those people in most need of professional ï ¬ nancial advice. This research suggests that customer’s ï ¬ nancial proï ¬ les may be useful in predicting their response to new products as well as persuading them to use existing services for the speciï ¬ c beneï ¬ ts they value. Participants and questionnaire The data come from a questionnaire that wa s completed by 1,282 respondents from various regions of the German-speaking part of Switzerland. The respondents were recruited from two sources: 53 per cent of the participants (n  ¼ 680) were clients seeking consulting advice from a Swiss ï ¬ nancial planning company, together with participants in courses in ï ¬ nancial training within the same ï ¬ rm (convenient sample). The second source was employed to avoid a client bias in the study. A total of 602 study subjects (47 per cent of the total study) were identiï ¬ ed through a combination of â€Å"quota[1] and snowball[2] sampling procedures† (Vogt, 2005) so that its composition in terms of sex, age, and other demographic characteristics came close to reï ¬â€šecting the respective proportions in Switzerland. Although not every member of the population is equally likely to be selected, the sample is composed of a wide variety of backgrounds. The diversity came from such groups as participants in a study relating to ï ¬ nancial literacy, and from different sources such as a nursing home, a group of university students, a group of teachers, company employees from four Swiss companies unrelated to the ï ¬ nancial services sector, a group of self-employed people, participants in a course for the unemployed, and a group made up of parents. The questionnaire was designed in German. Participants were ï ¬ rst asked to give their self-assessment by answering 17 questions on their ï ¬ nancial behavioural practice or attitude towards ï ¬ nancial affairs. The response format is a ï ¬ ve-point-Likert-type scale with â€Å"absolutely† and â€Å"not at all† at the two ends of the question spectrum. Subsequently, the questionnaire contains questions concerning socio-demographic variables such as age, gender, career stage, and education[3]. The age of participants ranges from 18 to 84 years old, with 58.9 per cent between 36 and 65 years old (n  ¼ 755). The natural demographic balance of men and women is reï ¬â€šected in the sample with 49.3 per cent men (n  ¼ 632) and 50.7 per cent women (n  ¼ 650). The proportion of people with a university degree or equivalent is 46.6 per cent (n  ¼ 598), whereas 33.8 per cent participants (n  ¼ 433) obtained an apprenticeship (up to ï ¬ ve years). There are 14.5 per cent participants (n  ¼ 186) who have a high school diploma as the highest educational level, whereas 5.1 per cent participants (n  ¼ 65) have only attended secondary school. There are 10.5 per cent (n  ¼ 135) participants who were studying at a university or at another institute of higher education at the time of our survey. Methodology and results Factor analysis As the ï ¬ rst step we conducted an exploratory factor analysis, a principal component analysis, in order to determine the underlying dimensions of the ï ¬ nancial attitudes and behavioural tendencies. The chosen solution with ï ¬ ve principal components was constructed using the varimax rotation technique and can explain 53.3 per cent of the total variance. Different opinions concerning what constitut es a high loading are found in the literature, e.g. 0.3 (Gardner, 2001). Here, the rotated factor loading of 0.5 was chosen as a threshold.

Thucydides Essay -- Ancient History, Greek

In the year 426, the tensions between the oligarchs (the rich minority) and the democrats (poor majority) rose so high, that it developed into a civil war. It had begun with the democrats tricking the oligarchs in to believing that Thucydides recounts the events that took place during the civil war in Corcyra. He claims that the civil war was just the first of many within Greece. Once word spread to the rest of the country with what happened in Corcyra, many civil wars broke out between many political groups (3.82) The varying political ideas among the two main parties created even more of a division than there already was, setting the two groups into a major civil war. Thucydides explains it best in saying â€Å"civil war brought many hardships to the cities [...] and will happen always as long as human nature is the same.† (3.82) It just takes one disagreement between the oligarchs and democrats to set everything in motion. One of the major issues however, was during the civil war, the Corcyreans had nearly lost all of their human compassion and values. Throughout this paper, three of the major values that were lost during the civil war will be addressed, along with Thucydides’ reasoning as to why they were lost. One of the first values that were re-evaluated according to Thucydides was that there was a tendency to change the meanings of things to justify their actions: to give more credence to what they were doing. Thucydides mentions how â€Å"ill-considered boldness was counted as loyal manliness; prudent hesitation was held to be cowardice in disguise, and moderation merely the cloak of an unmanly nature.† (3.82) Furthermore, â€Å"a mind that could grasp the good of the whole was considered wholly lazy.† (3.82) Thucydides is s... ....84), you’re faced with a very real possibility of civil war. As we have seen, Thucydides attributes a large amount of the civil war to ones predisposed thirst for blood and savagery. Having examined three different values that were lost among the Corcyreans during the civil war, as well as Thucydides beliefs to why it happened, will provide a better understanding of human nature during ancient Greece. The civil war in Corcyra between the oligarchs and the democrats was one of the first in Greece, but it most certainly was not he last. Once word had spread throughout Greece about the events in Corcyra, many of the Greek cities had engaged in a war similar to that of the Corcyreans. In civil war, as is in any war, it promotes our most primal and aggressive desires and allows them to surface and in a time of peace, any and all aggression, is easily lost.